As in Sholokhov's novel, family thought is revealed. “Saving the family nest is the idea of the life of Natalia Melekhova” - Document. The foundations of the unity of the Melekhov family

Sections: Literature

"Happy is he who is happy at home."
/ L.N. Tolstoy /

Target: find out what the happiness of the family is based on; continue to form the ability to analyze episodes, choose the main thing in the text; develop the creative abilities of students, analyze the aesthetic originality of the language and style of a work of art.

Methodical methods: word of the teacher, research work, analytical conversation, expressive reading of a passage, analysis of an episode, role-playing reading, test work (preparation for the exam).

Equipment:

Portrait of M. Sholokhov;
Illustrations for the novel "Quiet Flows the Don" by the artist O. G. Vereisky;
2 houses are drawn on the drawing paper (modern and the Melekhovs' hut);
Marker;
Computer, projector;
Card for individual work: analyze the scene "In the hayfield";
Whatman, on which the topic of the lesson and the epigraph are written, is attached to the board.

During the classes

1. Teacher's word:
2008 was declared the year of the family in Russia. The family is the cell of any state, the basis of human life. “Happy is he who is happy at home,” said L.T. Tolstoy.
M.A. agrees with him. Sholokhov. In the novel The Quiet Flows the Flows Flows the Don, he illuminates the picture of a happy life at home and an unhappy one outside the home. Let's pay attention to the first drawing of the house, imagine that a modern family lives here.
What does a person need to make his family happy?
(Student answers: “Love, peace, health, work, respect, material wealth, etc.”)
The construction of any building, including a house, begins with a foundation. To make it strong and stand for a long time, we will put your answers in it.
(A record is made on the foundation of a modern house)
Teacher: This is a look at the modern family of students 11 "D" in 2008. The theme of our lesson sounds like this: “A family thought” in M. Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Flows the Don”. Today we must find out how M. Sholokhov shows the family and what her happiness is based on.

2. Verification homework:
Find and read happy scenes family life in the novel. (The novel by M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don". Moscow. Eksmo 2003)
“... the first to break away from sleep was Pantelei Prokofievich ...” (vol. 1, 2 ch., pp. 9-10)
“Gregory began to give the family gifts” (vol. 1, part 5, ch. 13, p. 596)
Role-playing scene reading"fishing". (Ch. 2, p. 11)
Teacher: A student ... on the material of the feature film "Quiet Flows the Don" conducted research work. She also had to find happy scenes of family life. Come on guys, let's see her presentation.
(Presentation: episodes from the film "Happy Scenes of Family Life")*

3. Research problem: What is the family in the understanding of Sholokhov and what does it mean for the heroes?
(Student answers: family is the house where you were born, this is the place where you are loved and expected; family is conscience, responsibility for others; family is wisdom)

Teacher: Let's enter the house on the banks of the quiet Don and see what the happiness of the Melekhov family is based on?
(Student answers: work, peace, love, family, home). An entry is made on the foundation of the “smoking room”.

4. Episode analysis. Pictures of peasant labor in the novel.
The life of the Cossacks is unthinkable without peasant work. Let's remember the scene "In the hayfield". The student ... at the beginning of the lesson was given the task: to analyze this episode. (Student response):
From time immemorial, it has become customary that the whole farm went out for mowing. Mowers and rowers dressed as if for an annual holiday. This was no exception for the Melekhovs. Labor united their family. We see how Panteley Prokofievich, before starting the mowing, according to Russian custom, "crossed himself on a little white pod of a distant bell tower." He, as expected in the family, comes first. Behind him, not lagging behind, Grigory “spreads scythe grass”. Our heroes are happy because the work brought them joy. After hard work, everyone began to dine together. "Panteley Prokofievich devoutly sipped porridge crunchy on the teeth undercooked millet. Aksinya, without raising her eyes, reluctantly smiled Daria".
Teacher: Life What families does M. Sholokhov present to the reader?
(Through a description of the life of several couples: Aksinya and Stepan Astakhov, Daria and Peter Melekhov, Grigory and Natalia Melekhov).
Can any of the families be called happy?
(Daria and Peter, Aksinya and Stepan have no spiritual intimacy, there is no love between them, they have no children. The closest thing to the author's understanding of a full-fledged family is the relationship of Grigory and Natalya: they have 2 children, the Melekhov family is not interrupted. One of the eternal values \u200b\u200bis love. It is no coincidence that A. Kuprin said that "love is a gift from God, which is given to a person once in a lifetime."
Who does Grigory Melekhov love?
(Student answers)
Gregory loves both women. Natalya amazes him with her "inner" purity, beauty, wisdom, lives according to her conscience, keeping the commandments. Even before her death, she asks her son to kiss his father for her. Such love could not but touch Grigory, and he could not just leave the house where his parents and children live .. Aksinya's love is most likely a passion that turned out to be stronger than Melekhov. He rushes between two women, but does not leave the family at all. At the end of the novel, we see Aksinya raising Grigory's children and praying for her beloved. However, this happiness turned out to be short-lived: the civil war destroyed the family, took away almost everything from Grigory: Aksinya, the house. The murderer of his brother Mishka Koshevoy becomes the husband of his own sister.

5. Preparation for the exam. Test work with subsequent mutual verification.
(Literature of the Unified State Examination - 2008 Collection of examination tasks. Developed by FIPI p. 153) (The last scene of the novel: Grigory's meeting with his son)
Test based on the novel by M. Sholokhov "Quiet Flows the Don"
On the morning of the next day, he approached the Don opposite the Tatarsky farm. For a long time he looked at his native courtyard, turning pale with joyful excitement. Then he took off his rifle and pouch, took out a Shitwyanka, hemp flakes, a vial of gun oil, counted the cartridges for some reason. There were twelve clips and twenty-six pieces in bulk.
At Krutoyar, the ice moved away from the shore. Transparent-green water splashed and broke off the sharp ice of the Okraintsy. Grigory threw his rifle and revolver into the water, then poured out the cartridges and carefully wiped his hand on the floor of his overcoat. (…)
It was all that remained in his life, which still made him related to the earth and to the whole huge world shining under the cold sun.

1. A multifaceted picture of the world, the image of historical events and everyday life, the fate of individuals and the fate of the country allow us to define the genre " Quiet Don" How

poem
epic
novel
story

2. This fragment in the work
1) shows the hero's unconditional rejection of White's position
2) demonstrates the unfulfillment of the hero's dream
3) opens a new page in the life of the hero
4) proves the hero's unconditional acceptance of the position of the Reds
3. Which of the following themes of the novel is reflected in this fragment?

revolution theme
family theme
theme of betrayal
childhood theme

4. The meeting of the hero with his son at the end of the novel
1) shows that the hero has gained true values
2) indicates the limited interests of Gregory
3) talks about the possibility further development hero
4) puts the hero in a situation of moral impasse
5. What is the name of the opposition technique, with the help of which the writer conveys the depth of the hero’s feelings (“cold hands of the son” - “frantically burning eyes”)?
6. To create a national color, Sholokhov uses dialectisms. Write down 2 examples of dialectisms from the second paragraph (in the nominative case).
Answers: (highlighted on the screen)
12; 2 - 3; 3 - 2; 4-1; 5 - antithesis or contrast; 6-krutoyar, outskirts

6 . composition of the novel.
Teacher: Sholokhov uses a ring composition. How does the "family thought" develop in the novel, and why does it begin with a description of the Melekhovs' house and end with a description of the house?
(Answers 2 - 3 students)

7. Homework: A limited (5-10) sentence written response to this question, and the students… will write a test of knowledge of the text.

8. Conclusion.
Teacher: Let's, guys, once again turn to the drawings of the house and the hut. Did our idea of the family coincide with Sholokhov's?
(Student answers)
Teacher: In today's lesson, we saw the family in the view of Sholokhov and those eternal values \u200b\u200bthat are necessary for her happiness. Family, love, respect, mutual understanding, work - this is what a person needs for complete happiness. Now in Russia there is a wave of adoption. Children should not only enter the house, but also stay in it, because the one who is happy at home is happy.

9. The results of the lesson.

"The fate of the man Sholokhov" - What actions of the main character could you equate to a feat? Mikhail Sholokhov. The meaning of the story "The fate of man." I knew you would find me! quiz based on M. Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man". M. Sholokhov. The years of life of M. A. Sholokhov (1905 - 1984). "The fate of man" is an epic story. What parts of the story do you remember and why?

"Don stories" - Good or evil, merciful or cruel? War forced some nations to exterminate others. M. Voloshin. "Russian Revolution". Goals. Questions for reflection. Where are the events taking place? In the name of the formidable law of the fratricidal war, Both inflamed and red, Angry banners are burning. What is a civil war from a historical point of view?

"Writer Mikhail Sholokhov" - To feed himself, he worked as a loader, handyman, and bricklayer. 1956-1957 The story "The Fate of a Man" was published in the newspaper "Pravda". “Like a steppe flower, Sholokhov's stories stand as a living stain. "An Approach to the Great Talk of the Great War". For a long time he was a laborer. 02/21/1984 Death of the writer. At the end of 1922 he came to study in Moscow.

"The life and work of Sholokhov" - Photo from the family album. 1933 - The first book of the novel "Virgin Soil Upturned" is published. Alexander Mikhailovich and Anastasia Danilovna with their son Misha in a men's school. 1941 The Quiet Don novel was awarded the State Prize of the 1st degree. 1941 Correspondent Sholokhov was sent to the active army. 1943-1944 Chapters of the novel They Fought for the Motherland are published.

"Quiet Don images" - Family thought of Natalia Melekhova. A patrolman's bullet accidentally wounds Aksinya and mortally wounds her. The family thought of Natalya Melekhova unfolds in a difficult duel with fate. Performed. A very traditional love triangle is formed, an important part of the plot of the novel. Completed by: 11th grade student Julia Sudakova.

"Sholokhov Mikhail Alexandrovich" - Sholokhov kept the Nobel Prize for himself and spent it on showing children Europe and Japan. In 1945, Sholokhov became a Commander of the Order of Glory for military merit. Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov. A.I. Solzhenitsyn. The work is published in excerpts in 1943-1944 and 1949-1954. In June 1973, in Bulgaria, Mikhail Alexandrovich received the Order of Cyril and Methodius, I degree.

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"Family Thought" in Sholokhov's novel "Quiet Flows the Don". A woman as a keeper of family warmth

1. M.A. Sholokhov - singer of the Quiet Don

"in this world - history Don Cossacks, the Russian peasantry ... centuries-old traditions of moral principles and labor skills that shaped the national character, the characteristics of the whole country. E.A. Kostin

"Sholokhov's family is a visual center through the prism of which the "macrocosm" of national culture is revealed to us." I.I. Tsypenko

An artist, often stern and restrained, when he talks about native land becomes lyrical and pathetic.

The spring of hidden love for the people of the Quiet Don, its customs, songs, games, always flowing in the inner layers of Sholokhov's narrative, suddenly breaks out ... The novel The Quiet Don is also filled with these feelings.

The heroes living on the pages of the novel are the Don Cossacks.

The Cossacks are a special estate in Rus', but there are unshakable values in the life of any people, in many respects similar: family, land, morality. I propose to touch upon this particular facet of Sholokhov's novel.

Traditions. Origins. Gen. Family. National spirit. Recourse to these concepts is always necessary. Indeed, by the life of the family, by the strength of family ties, one can judge the viability of the people.

Several families are at the center of Sholokhov's narrative: the Melekhovs, the Korshunovs, the Mokhovs, the Koshevs, and the Listnitskys. This is not accidental: the patterns of the era are revealed not only in historical events, but also in the facts of private life, family relationships, where the power of traditions is especially strong and any break in them gives rise to sharp, dramatic conflicts.

Starting with the family was a new ingenious intuition of the young writer. The author answered the question, who are the Cossacks, what are their roots, what is the basis of their life, why do they behave in this or that situation in this way and not otherwise. The family is the bearer of what we call culture. Therefore, the focus of Sholokhov's attention is on different generations of the Melekhov family.

The story about the fate of the Melekhov family begins with a sharp, dramatic plot, with the story of Prokofy Melekhov, who struck the farmers with his "outlandish act." From the Turkish war, he brought a Turkish wife. He loved her, in the evenings, when the “dawns wither”, carried her in his arms on the top of the mound, “sat next to her, and for a long time they looked at the steppe.” And when the angry crowd approached their house, Prokofy with a saber stood up for his beloved wife.

The death of a Turkish woman affirms the greatness and tragedy of true love, love unlike, and therefore annoying others. This love was a challenge to the Cossacks, their way of life, traditions - hence the tragedy.

From the first pages appear proud, with an independent character, people capable of great feeling. So from the story of grandfather Gregory, the beautiful and at the same time tragic enters the novel "Quiet Flows the Don". And for Gregory, love for Aksinya will become a serious test of life.

2. Patriarchy and traditions in the Melekhov family

The family is the foundation of the people's life in the world of the Quiet Flows the Don. The life circumstances of the Cossack environment are depicted with such thoroughness that they make it possible to recreate the general structure of the family of the early twentieth century. And the twentieth century threatened to be bloody. Therefore, the eternally unshakable became more and more valuable: family, land, children.

For the heroes of The Quiet Flows the Don, the family principle literally permeates their entire private life. Each individual person was perceived by all means as part of the general - family, clan. These relationships were an important part of folk life. Kindred became higher than partnership, love, business relations, neighborhood. Moreover, family relationships were taken into account with great accuracy: “second cousin”, “cousin”, “vodvorki” - some words exist in the current life without much “meaning”. But in the time of the Quiet Flows the Don, family affinity was revered very seriously. In the Melekhov family, there is great patriarchal power - the omnipotence of the father in the house.

Let the actions be abrupt, the tone of the elders resolute and adamant (the younger ones endure this patiently and restrainedly, even hot and impetuous Grigory), but does Pantelei Prokofievich always abuse his power, is assault always unnecessary?

Panteley Prokofievich marries Grigory, and he does not argue not only from filial obedience: Grishka has disgraced the family with his shameless affair with a married neighbor. By the way, Grishka submitted not only to his father, but also to his mother - it was Ilyinichna who decided to marry Grigory to Natalya and persuaded her husband: "... she sharpened him like rusty iron, and in the end broke his stubbornness." In a word, there was a lot of commanding tone, rudeness - but there was never violence in a patriarchal family.

Rudeness was largely due to the influence of barracks army mores, but not patriarchy. Pantelei Prokofievich especially loved the “strong word”. So, he caressed his own wife more than once with the words: “old hag”, “shut up, fool”, and the wife, loving, devoted, “rinsed her half”: “What are you doing, old hook! He is ugly by nature, but under old age he has gone crazy. ” “Turkish blood” boiled in Prokofievich, but it was he who was one of the centers that united the family.

Another center of the patriarchal family was religion, the great Christian faith, the family image - the icon in the red corner.

The Cossack family acts as the guardian of faith in the novel, especially in the person of its older representatives. Black news came about the death of Gregory, in those days of mourning, when "he grew old day by day," when "his memory was weakening and his mind was clouded," only a conversation with Father Vissarion enlightened the old man: "From that day on, he broke himself and spiritually recovered."

I want to talk about divorce in particular. The concept itself did not even exist in the Cossack lexicon. The family was blessed by God! Marriage was indissoluble, but, like everything earthly, it was not unshakable. Having met Grigory not far from Yagodnoye, where his son had gone with Aksinya, Pantelei Prokofievich asked: “And God?” Gregory, who did not believe so sacredly, still remembers Him in his subconscious. It is no coincidence that “thoughts about Aksinya and his wife” suddenly flare up in his head during the oath, when he “approached the cross.”

The crisis of faith had a disastrous effect on the whole of Russia, especially on the family: the “double law of self-preservation” ceased to operate, when the family kept the faith, and the faith protected the unity of the family.

3. Foundations of the unity of the Melekhov family

a) At the beginning of the novel, the Melekhov family is whole, friendly. The strength of this family was in unity, when all important issues were resolved openly, brought to the family court, directly and thoroughly discussed.

The life of Gregory and Natalia did not work out. Pantelei Prokofievich laid the foundation for the council. Everyone speaks; even Dunyasha, a teenager. Admitted to the council, listens carefully. Gregory is ashamed, he is rude. But no matter how the meetings end, not a single important event goes unnoticed.

What other advice was there? (The arrival of the Reds: retreat or surrender? Dunyasha's heart affairs. 1919 - Daria's money.)

Conclusion. In the Melekhov family - all Cossacks - responsible and complex matters were resolved openly, in a direct, sometimes impartial discussion. Extremes were smoothed out and leveled out, sharp passions subsided. It was neither a paradise nor an idyll, but only a close-knit world of kindred people, for whom the family was above personal aspirations and whims.

b) Whispering in the corners was considered reprehensible, because centuries of experience suggested: where secrets begin, disintegration and split begin.

If suddenly something evil and hostile nevertheless penetrated into the family, how did the Melekhovs solve this problem? Were there secrets in the family? (The Melekhov family also had its own secrets, there are three of them in the novel.)

All these secrets concern the family.

1. Pantelei Prokofievich immediately guessed about the connection between Grigory and Aksinya: the son got in touch with the wife of a person close to them - a neighbor. The old man understands that the conversation cannot be avoided, and early in the morning on a fishing trip with Grigory begins a conversation.

2. Daria and Natalya keep secret about Darya's illness. Daria asks to warn her mother: “Let her not tell her father about this, otherwise the old man will get furious and kick me out of the house.”

3. Natalya only told Ilyinichna about the abortion: “Will I live with Grishka or not ... but I don’t want to have any more children from him.”

All three conversations are conducted outside the house, the yard: on the river, the garden, the steppe road. This is a sign of unwillingness to soil the family, which is natural for any living and healthy organism.

(This is an argument to another problem - the problem of openness, trust in relationships between people, family members.) Many of you are now thinking about the questions: is it like that in my family? When did we all get together to talk about something? Do we always listen to the elders, do dads and moms listen to our children's voices? What about our secrets? Are they secret?

From Sholokhov's novel, we learned how the Cossacks cared about the integrity and health of their family.

4. Female images in Sholokhov's novel "Quiet Flows the Don"

Melekh family female Sholokhov

One of Sholokhov's methods in characterizing heroes is a comparative analysis. Through the attitude towards children, many of the main characters of the novel are revealed. Since the bearer of domestic, family warmth is a woman, the characteristics of the main characters are especially interesting.

Daria. Nothing is known about her parents, origin. The heroine herself at the end of the novel says: “I have no one behind me or in front of me.” Daria has a baby. But what do we learn about him - just a "child". Or, being annoyed at her baby, the mother says: “Shush, you filthy child! No sleep for you, no rest." There are many harsh words in the novel, but no one addresses children like that. The child died when he was less than a year old.

Aksinya. She gave birth to a child from Stepan, but even here it is remarkably brief: "... the child died before reaching a year." From Gregory she gave birth to Tanya, became happy and acquired some especially happy posture. But love for the child was only a continuation of love for Gregory. Be that as it may, the child also dies about a year and a half old. Gregory took the children after the death of Natalia to her place. “They willingly called her mother,” she leaves them and leaves with Grigory.

With special force, maternal love is manifested in the image of Ilyinichna. It was she who raised her children as we see them in the novel; she not only took care of them, but also conveyed her worldview to them. Hence the deep affinity of the young Melekhovs with their mother, and not with their father. Sholokhov himself, bowing to his own mother, more than once noted the similarity between her and Ilyinichna. They know how to fight for the family, and Natalya becomes the successor of this destiny.

Natalia. Saving the family nest is the idea of Natalia Melekhova's life. Natalya Melekhova in M. Sholokhov's novel "Quiet Flows the Don" - by the will of circumstances drawn into a painful rivalry with Aksinya, even forced to insult her, calling her "a walker" - this is truly enlightened and bashful, probably the most angelic creature in the novel.

Natalya appears in the novel as if by chance: as an object of the upcoming matchmaking, wedding. “Natalya… Natalya is a beautiful girl… Hefty beautiful. Nadys saw her in the church,” says Aksinya. The praise is double, even exaggerated, but Aksinya speaks these laudatory words with dry eyes, and a heavy shadow falls from the barn. And in the window where she looks, there is a yellow night chill.

Sholokhov's world is multi-coloured, polysonic, and extremely full of complex psychological movements. Sholokhov - the greatest master of the characteristic detail - picked up almost symbolic epithets that speak of the danger for Natalia: dry, tearless eyes ... These dry eyes suggest that someone will not survive this inevitable struggle.

Gregory in Natalia found a sensitive bearer of great responsibility, found a person for whom love does not know, does not want to know the end, is afraid of even a temporary substitution, betrayal, any unreliability. For her, there is no discord between consciousness and feeling, there is no devastation from love, even joyful. That is why it seems to Grigory cold, difficult. There is no game of feelings, no love-absorption.

Everything is destructive for Natalia, even Gregory's involuntary betrayals. At the same time, there is no anger in her, no pleasure from someone else's torment. There is a pity ... Dissolute Daria, who in the end dealt her the main insulting blow, an unkind procuress, she does not even despise, but moves away from her, forgives.

The old Melekhovs and Korshunovs were the first to feel the bashful tenderness of Natalya's meek soul. Old Korshunov just doesn’t utter the word “mock” (“Is it possible to treat a living person like that? .. Heart, heart, something ... does he have a wolf?”) And Pantelei Prokofievich - and he is all in these words, like a builder of a house! - literally screams in pain and shame: “She is better than our own!”

And here is the stage of building the nest. Return of Natalia to the house of Panteley Prokofyevich, to the house where there is no husband! Naive, inexperienced, believing in the power of a wedding, an oath before the saints, Natalya realizes with amazement that she is the one who has to go through the sorrowful humiliation, that love-martyrdom awaits her. Sholokhov, with epic admiration, draws the whole path of Natalya's return, her difficult decisions, her appeal to her father-in-law.

Returning to the house of the Melekhovs is the realization of one's main strength and height: the strength of fidelity, nobility, the strength of humility. Soon she became inseparable from the House, from her family, especially from her children! Her entire stay in the Melekhov family is a hidden straightening and ascent of the soul, a movement not just towards victory over Aksinya, the birth of true friendship with Dunyashka and Ilnichna. Her prayers saved Grigory from being shot in the back by Stepan Astakhov. And as the highest award - two wonderful children.

But the struggle for the house, for the family is still ahead. This is indicative of Natalia's dialogue with Aksinya (the scene in Yagodnoe). Aksinya frankly accuses Natalya: “You want to take a father from a child. Apart from Grishka, I have no husband.” The whole conversation is based on a sharp difference between the fierce Aksinya and the meek Natalya, who confesses: “Melancholy shoved me” ... Aksinya made the child an argument for claims against Grigory, “disposed” on what God gave not for bargaining ... A completely different turn of events followed - the illness and death of the girl, the connection with Listnitsky, the departure of Grigory.

Motherhood did not become a guarantee of happiness for Natalia either. She remained an unloved wife… All the more power in the wonderful scene of Chapter 8! This is an elegy with some kind of timidity and indecision in gestures, with silence, an elegy of farewell.

“She was next to him, his wife and mother of Mishatka and Polyushka. For him, she dressed up and washed her face ... She sat so miserable, ugly and yet beautiful, shining with some kind of pure inner beauty. A mighty wave of tenderness flooded Grigory’s heart… He wanted to tell her something warm, affectionate, but could not find words and, silently pulling her to him, kissed her white sloping forehead and mournful eyes.”

The departure from the life of Natalia, even after a relatively peaceful last explanation with Aksinya, it was not by chance that he cast a gloomy shadow on the fate of Grigory and on the whole Melekhovsky house. The heroes of Sholokhov (and especially Natalya) sometimes do not judge, but a kind of superjudgment over time, over the people crippled by it.

Both Natalya and Ilyinichna pass before the reader of The Quiet Flows the Don as heroines, faithful to the end to their mother's vocation, the duty of the guardian of the family. Natalya dies at the moment when she not only abandoned the idea of motherhood, but unnaturally for her in an evil, vengeful way, trampled, destroyed her own idea, the core of her character. Natalya's interlocutor, a witness to her mental crisis, was brilliantly chosen: it was Ilyinichna, a person deeply related to her, Grigory's mother, who for the first time did not find words to justify her son, to refute Natalya's rightness. Ilyinichna could only convince her daughter-in-law not to curse Grigory, not to wish him death. After the death of Natalia, everyone in the house was surrounded by bitter longing from a belated understanding of each other, from the understanding that the family was collapsing.

Conclusion

An interesting parallel can be traced in the novel: children become a measure of the vitality of the heroines themselves. Without, in essence, children, Daria dies very quickly as a woman. The absence of children becomes “God’s punishment” for the heroines.

How does Daria end her life? (She has completely become a “woman-beast.” From time immemorial, a Cossack woman has been associated with the concepts of “life”, “successor of the family.” Daria is the only Russian heroine who picks up a military weapon, and then kills an unarmed one. Therefore, Daria’s death in the Don is purifying and terrible.)

What can be said about other heroines in this regard? (Aksinya dies from a bullet, leaving no one behind, “only the black sun.” Natalya leaves the family, cuts herself, curses Grigory, corrodes the fetus and eventually dies.)

What conclusion does Sholokhov lead us to? (The death of a woman is always evil, trouble, it is the death of a family.)

How strong is Ilyinichna's maternal love! So great is her desire that everything be peaceful in the house that the mother reconciles even with the fact that Mishka Koshevoy enters their house as the owner. She sees how Dunyashka reaches out to this man, how Koshevoy tenderly treats her grandson, Mishatka. Children should not be orphans! This for Ilyinichna becomes the main condition for a new life.

Summarizing

What is the main theme of the family in Sholokhov's novel "Quiet Flows the Don"?

The family is the bulwark of power. The family is collapsing - the peaceful life in the country is collapsing. A woman is the guardian of family unity.

Children are a symbol of the future. This is what the last pages of the novel are about.

What does Gregory dream about on sleepless nights away from home? How does the novel end? (episode of meeting Gregory with his son)

Everything is back to normal. We are again in front of the house - the Cossack hut of the Melekhovs. And Gregory stands at the gates of his native house, holding his son in his arms. This is all that he has left in his life, which still makes him related to the earth and to all this huge world shining under the cold sun.

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The skill of M. Sholokhov in depicting family and love relationships (Grigory and Natalia, Grigory and Aksinya). From prototype to image: role female images and prototypes in M. Sholokhov's epic novel "Quiet Don". The use of historical events in the novel.

thesis, added 07/18/2014

Analysis of the work of M. Sholokhov, a writer of the Soviet era, a successor to the realistic traditions of the classics in Russian literature. "Family Thought" in the novel by M. Sholokhov as a reflection of the inner world of the protagonist in the novel "Quiet Flows the Don". The tragedy of G. Melekhov.

abstract, added 11/06/2012

Epic novel by M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don" is an epic work about the fate of the Russian Cossacks during the First World War and the Civil War. Realism "Quiet Flows the Don". Reflection of the civil war in the novel.

abstract, added 08/31/2007

The theme of the Civil War as one of the central ones in Russian literature of the 20th century. Civil war and revolution: in the time of turmoil and depravity. The history of the Melekhov family in the novel by M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don". The tragedy of man in the period of the great breakdown of the social system.

term paper, added 10/27/2013

The main features of the concept of femininity in Russian culture. Features of the reflection of the national concept of femininity in the female images of M. Sholokhov's novel "Quiet Flows the Don" and their connection with the national Russian tradition in the depiction of women in literature.

thesis, added 05/19/2008

Roman M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don" is a significant work about the tragedy of the Don Cossacks during the years of the revolution and civil war. The study of literary style, the meaning of phraseological units and word-symbols. Ideas of the epic novel and analysis of linguistic content.

term paper, added 04/24/2009

He himself lived that Cossack life, which he describes in "Quiet Don". In the novel, he not only shows the events of the civil revolution and world war, but also talks about their impact on the peaceful way of life of the Cossacks, their families, and their fate.

essay, added 01/20/2003

Childhood M.A. Sholokhov. Printing feuilletons, then stories, in which he immediately switched from feuilleton comedy to sharp drama. Slava Sholokhov after the publication of the first volume of the novel Quiet Flows the Don. The problems of the novel, the connection of the individual with the fate of the people.

presentation, added 04/05/2012

Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov's novel "Quiet Flows the Don" is a story about a grandiose revolution, a cataclysm experienced by Russia. tragic love Gregory and Aksinya - love or "lawless" passion? The attitude of the inhabitants of the farm to the main characters and their love.

30.03.2013 55495 0

Lesson 67
"Family Thought" in Sholokhov's novel
Quiet Don. The woman as a guardian
family warmth

Goals: to work on individual episodes of the first part of Sholokhov's novel, revealing the theme of the family; reveal the significance of female images in the disclosure of this topic.

During the classes

... in this world - the history of the Don Cossacks, the Russian peasantry ... centuries-old traditions of moral principles and labor skills that shaped the national character, the characteristics of the whole country.

E. A. Kostin

Sholokhov's family is a visual center through the prism of which the “macrocosm” of national culture is revealed to us.

I. I. Tsypenko

I. Introductory talk.

M. A. Sholokhov can be called a singer of the quiet Don. An artist, often stern and restrained, when he talks about his native land, he becomes lyrical and pathetic.

The heroes living on the pages of the novel are the Don Cossacks.

What do you know about this class?

- Harmony and family. Can we put an equal sign between these words now?

- What is the significance of a woman as a keeper of the warmth of a family hearth?

Questions are written on the board.

Several families are at the center of Sholokhov's narrative: the Melekhovs, the Korshunovs, the Mokhovs, the Koshevs, and the Listnitskys. This is no coincidence: the patterns of the era are revealed not only in historical events, but also in the facts of private life, family relationships, where the power of traditions is especially strong and any break in them gives rise to sharp, dramatic conflicts.

The board is framed as a Cossack kuren. A lyrical, melodious Cossack song sounds.

II. "Family Thought" in Sholokhov's novel.

1. Work with text.

Expressive reading or artistic retelling of an excerpt from the first part of volume I "History of the Melekhov family".

Initially, the novel was supposed to begin with a description of the rebellion of General Kornilov, but soon the author admits: "I felt that something was not working out for me."

What does this story add to the novel?

Where does the history of this family begin?

– Why is a young Turkish woman dying and what denies her death?

2. Patriarchy and traditions in the Melekhov family.

Student's individual message.

... The family is the foundation of the people's life in the world of the Quiet Flows the Don. The life circumstances of the Cossack environment are depicted with such thoroughness that they make it possible to recreate the general structure of the family of the early twentieth century. And the twentieth century threatened to be bloody. Therefore, the eternally unshakable became more and more valuable: family, land, children.

Another center of the patriarchal family was religion, the great Christian faith, the family image - the icon in the red corner.

The Cossack family acts as the guardian of faith in the novel, especially in the person of its older representatives. Black news came about the death of Gregory, in those mourning days, when “he grew old day by day”, when “his memory was weakening and his mind was troubled”, only a conversation with Father Vissarion enlightened the old man: “From that day on, he broke himself and spiritually recovered."

I want to talk about divorce in particular. The concept itself did not even exist in the Cossack lexicon. The family was blessed by God! Marriage was indissoluble, but, like everything earthly, it was not unshakable. Having met Grigory not far from Yagodnoye, where his son had gone with Aksinya, Pantelei Prokofievich asked: "And God?" Gregory, who did not believe so sacredly, still remembers Him in his subconscious. It is no coincidence that “thoughts about Aksinya and his wife” suddenly flare up in his head during the oath, when he “approached the cross.”

3. Foundations of the unity of the Melekhov family.

Dramatization of the first council of the Melekhov family.

What other advice did you have? (The arrival of the Reds: retreat or surrender? Dunyasha's heart affairs. 1919 - Daria's money.)

b) Whispering in the corners was considered reprehensible, because centuries of experience suggested: where secrets begin, disintegration and split begin.

- If suddenly something evil and hostile penetrated into the family, how did the Melekhovs solve this problem? Were there any secrets in the family? (The Melekhov family also had its own secrets, there are three of them in the novel.)

Checking homework(the work was carried out in groups according to the proposed plan):

1. Theme of the secret.

2. Where the conversation takes place.

3. The results of the "heart-to-heart talk".

1st group - the secret of Gregory;

2nd group - Daria's secret;

3rd group - Natalia's secret.

All these secrets concern the family.

1. Panteley Prokofievich immediately guessed about the connection between Grigory and Aksinya: the son got in touch with the wife of a person close to them - a neighbor. The old man understands that the conversation cannot be avoided, and early in the morning on a fishing trip with Grigory begins a conversation.

3. Natalya only told Ilyinichna about the abortion: “Will I live with Grishka or not ... but I don’t want to have any more children from him.”

Observation result.

Many of you are now thinking about the questions: is it like this in my family? When did we all get together to talk about something? Do we always listen to the elders, do dads and moms listen to our children's voices? What about our secrets? Are they secret?

From Sholokhov's novel, we learned how the Cossacks cared about the integrity and health of their family.

4. Female images in Sholokhov's novel "Quiet Flows the Don".

1) Work with text.

Based on the text, students characterize the female images of the novel "Quiet Flows the Don".

2) Individual message“Saving the family nest is the idea of life of Natalia Melekhova.”

Natalya Melekhova in M. Sholokhov’s novel “The Quiet Flows the Don” – by force of circumstances drawn into a painful rivalry with Aksinya, even forced to insult her, calling her “walking” – is truly enlightened and bashful, probably the most angelic creature in the novel.

The old Melekhovs and Korshunovs were the first to feel the bashful tenderness of Natalya's meek soul. Old Korshunov just doesn’t utter the word “mock” (“Is it possible to treat a living person like that? .. Heart, heart, something ... al he has a wolf’s?”) And Pantelei Prokofievich - and he is all in these words, like a builder of a house! - literally screams in pain and shame: “She is better than our own!”

A trained student reads by heart: “She was next to him, his wife and mother of Mishatka and Polyushka. For him, she dressed up and washed her face ... She sat so miserable, ugly and yet beautiful, shining with some kind of pure inner beauty. A mighty wave of tenderness flooded Grigory’s heart… He wanted to tell her something warm, affectionate, but could not find words and, silently pulling her to him, kissed her white sloping forehead and mournful eyes.”

It was no coincidence that Natalya's passing away, even after a relatively peaceful last explanation with Aksinya, cast a dark shadow on the fate of Grigory and the entire Melekhovsky house. The heroes of Sholokhov (and especially Natalya) sometimes do not judge, but a kind of superjudgment over time, over the people crippled by it.

3) Conclusion. An interesting parallel can be traced in the novel: children become a measure of the vitality of the heroines themselves. Without, in essence, children, Daria dies very quickly as a woman. The absence of children becomes “God’s punishment” for the heroines.

- How does Daria end her life? (She has completely become a “beast-woman.” From time immemorial, a Cossack woman has been associated with the concepts of “life”, “successor of the family.” Daria is the only Russian heroine to pick up a military weapon, and then kills an unarmed one. Therefore, Daria’s death in the Don is purifying and terrible.)

- What can be said about other heroines in this regard? (Aksinya dies from a bullet, leaving no one behind, “only the black sun.” Natalya leaves the family, cuts herself, curses Grigory, corrodes the fetus and eventually dies.)

- What conclusion does Sholokhov lead us to? (The death of a woman is always evil, trouble, it is the death of a family.)

III. Summary of the lesson.

- What, in your opinion, is the main theme of the family in Sholokhov's novel "Quiet Don"?

The family is the bulwark of power. The family is collapsing - the peaceful life in the country is collapsing. A woman is the guardian of family unity.

Children are a symbol of the future. This is what the last pages of the novel are about.

- What does Grigory dream about on sleepless nights away from home? How does the novel end?

Homework.

Essay-answer to the questions posed at the beginning of the lesson:

- "Harmony" and "family". Can we put an equal sign between these concepts now?

- “The roof of your house” - what do these words mean for each of you?

- A woman is the keeper of family warmth.

M. Sholokhov raises in his novel The Quiet Flows the Don deep and universal problems that are not amenable to an unambiguous and final interpretation. However, if you ask the reader who the main character of the novel is, the answer will be the same - Grigory Melekhov. It is his fate that is the main core of the story. For a better understanding of the hero's image, it is very important to analyze the environment in which his character is formed - an analysis of the world of the Don Cossacks.

Impossible to understand spiritual world, the way of life of the Cossacks, without referring to their family relationships. Already in the first book we will find many episodes that reveal the principles on which the Cossack family is built. Reading the episode of the fight between Panteley Prokofievich and his son, we understand that the concepts of family honor (“Do not fear your father!”), Unity with fellow countrymen (“Do not mischief with your neighbor!”) are indestructible for the Cossacks. The family is dominated by the "cult of the elderly": relations here are based on strict obedience to the elders, sometimes instilled with the help of brute force. And even if at first Gregory resists his father, then later he unquestioningly submits to him, marries Natalya Korshunova. In addition, the origins of the violent, unrestrained nature of Gregory should also be sought in the family. It's in him from his father.
Genus, family - sacred concepts for the Cossacks. It is no coincidence that the novel begins with the prehistory of the Melekh family, and already in the first chapter the author gives a detailed family portrait. In it, the author emphasizes the features of family resemblance: wheat-colored hair - on the maternal side, an animalistic expression of almond-shaped eyes, a kite nose - on the paternal side.

As for the family, despite the harsh, sometimes tough relationships, it is a whole organism. Anyone feels his inseparable connection with her, just as with the farm, with the native kuren. Even when love for Aksinya drives Grigory from his native places, he does not see the opportunity to leave the farm: “You are a fool, Aksinya, you are a fool! Gutar, but there is nothing to listen to. Well, where will I go from the farm? Again, at my service for this year. The case is not good ... I will not touch the ground anywhere. There is a steppe here, there is something to breathe, but there?

However, Sholokhov does not idealize the life of the Don Cossacks. In the first book of the novel, one can easily see a huge number of examples of not just severity, but true cruelty, moral depravity of the Cossacks. This is also the episode when an enraged mob of farmers ruthlessly deal with Prokofy Melekhov's wife, when Aksinya's fifty-year-old father rapes his daughter, for which his wife and son beat him to death. This is also when Stepan Astakhov "deliberately and terribly" beats his young wife the day after the wedding, and then again, returning from military training, "guards" her with his boots in front of the indifferently smiling Alyoshka Shamil.

The character of Grigory Melekhov and his duty to his family is clearly revealed in his relationship with Aksinya and Natalya in the scenes of the first book. Genuinely and strongly loving Aksinya, he does not worry about his beloved. When, nine days before Stepan's return from the camps, Aksinya, feeling with trepidation the inevitability of the danger looming over her, turns in despair to her lover: "What am I, Grisha, going to do?" - he replies: "How much do I know." If in relations with Aksinya Grigory submits only to reckless passion, then, having married Natalya, he, on the contrary, fulfills his duty to his family, not listening to the voice of his heart. He thinks about the torments to which he dooms himself and those close to him, although already at the moment of the wedding, “indifference fettered Gregory” and the lips of his wife seemed “tasteless” to him.

The novel covers a period of ten years. The heroes live through the most tragic and significant events of the first half of the 20th century: revolutions, civil war, rebellions and uprisings - events that determined the fate of the Cossacks, the fate of Grigory Melekhov and his family, his house, which was his stronghold throughout all this time, because it was about his family, about his native kuren, he thought on the battlefield. But the defeat of the White Cossack movement inevitably leads to the collapse of Grigory's family, this fall is logically natural. In the third book, the author again turns to the theme of family and home, but their images are dark and sad. Sholokhov depicts the destruction of the Melekhov family.

The death of Peter, forever remaining an unhealed wound in the soul of loved ones. Loss of Panteley Prokofievich's dominant position in the house. The tragedy and death of Daria, shameless and dissolute, breaking the foundations of the Cossack family with the cynicism of her behavior for centuries, and only before her death bitterly comprehended all the bleakness of her “beautiful” life. The death of Natalia, after which the old man Melekhov says with a sigh: "Our chicken fell in love with death." Dunyashka's alienation from her family, her alienation, turning into a clear rebellion against parental authority. The destruction of the economy during the shelling, when "the war, from which Pantelei Prokofievich fled, itself came to his yard." The death of the owner of the house "in retreat", on a foreign Stavropol land. The death of Ilyinichna, left alone, never waiting for her beloved son. The arrival of Mishka Koshevoy to the house, which can hardly be called the beginning of a new life for the Melekhovsky kuren, if only because from the very first days of family life Mishka loses interest in the household, believing that it is not yet time to lay down arms. The death of Poljushka, which the reader will learn about on the last page. All these are stages in the gradual collapse of what at the beginning of the novel seemed unshakable. Noteworthy are the words once uttered by Panteley Prokofievich to Grigory: “Everyone has collapsed in the same way.” And although we are only talking about fallen wattle fences, these words have a wider meaning: the destruction of the House, the Family hurt not only the Melekhovs - this is a common fate, a common drama of the entire Cossacks.

The story in "Quiet Don" is built as an image of the life of family nests. This novel is often compared with Tolstoy's War and Peace, but despite their compositional similarity, there is a distinct and fundamental difference: if Tolstoy's heroes, having gone through severe trials, come to the creation of a Family, then the heroes of The Quiet Flows the Don endure its disintegration, which emphasizes with particular force the dramatic nature of the time depicted by Sholokhov.